What is it?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is spread by direct contact with the blood or bodily fluids of an infected person.
Risk areas
Hepatitis B occurs worldwide but it’s distribution is higher in some areas of the world such as:
The general risk to travellers is low, although certain behaviours or activities increase the risk, especially in areas where Hepatitis B infection is more common. Risk factors include:
Prevention
Avoiding contact with blood and body fluids can help reduce the risk of transmission. Unprotected sexual intercourse should be avoided, as should tattoos, piercings and other contact to needles (unless sterile). If travelling to remote or poor areas, it may be prudent to carry a sterile medical equipment kit in case of accidents.
Vaccine schedule
There are several well-tolerated hepatitis B vaccines, including combined hepatitis A/B products, and vaccination is recommended for all travellers considered at risk.
| Vaccine | Schedule | Age range |
|---|---|---|
|
Hepatitis B |
3 doses: 0, 1 and 6 months Accelerated schedule: 0, 1 and 2 months and a fourth dose at 12 months Super accelerated schedule: 0, 7 and 21 days and a fourth dose at 12 months |
Adults from 16 years Adults from 16 years Adults, 18 years and above |
|
Hepatitis B |
3 doses: 0, 1 and 6 months Accelerated schedule: 0, 1 and 2 months(with a 4th dose at 12 months for infants at continued risk) |
From birth to 15 years From birth to 15 years |
Length of protection
For individuals at continued risk, a single booster dose should be offered, once only, 5 years after primary immunization has been completed. For most travellers that have completed their primary course, a booster at 5 years is usually unnecessary. However, any risk factors that increase risk should be discussed with your Travel Clinic Pharmacist or Nurse.
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